Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in men and women over age 50.

Even though AMD is common among older people, it’s not as well known as cataracts — another eye disease that occurs more often with age. But while cataracts can be treated and “cured,” there’s no cure for AMD. Instead, people who have AMD require treatments that help slow the progression of the disease, which is why early detection is very important.

If you are concerned about macular degeneration, call Premier Eyecare or schedule your appointment online.

Age-related macular degeneration — abbreviated as AMD — is a disease of the retina, the light-sensitive portion of your eye. The retina is located at the back of the eye, and the macula is a small area near the very center. Your macula is responsible for your central vision.

In AMD, the macula loses its ability to detect light, resulting in a partial or total loss of central vision. People with late-stage AMD are unable to see objects straight in front of them, making it difficult to perform many activities, like using a computer, reading, driving, or recognizing faces.

AMD typically causes no symptoms until vision begins to fade. Having routine eye exams, especially over age 50, is important for catching AMD as early as possible.

Age is the biggest risk factor for AMD, followed by having a family history of AMD. You’re also at greater risk of developing AMD if you are:

• Caucasian (white)
• Female
• Have had prolonged sun exposure
• A smoker or past smoker
• Genetic predisposition

One of the most important things you can do is have regular eye exams to monitor the health of your retinas.

Taking specific “eye vitamins” may help slow the progression of AMD, and it’s also important to take care of your overall health. Quitting smoking, exercising regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, and controlling your blood pressure and your cholesterol are important lifestyle changes you should consider.

You should also wear sunglasses that protect you from UVA and UVB rays and use blue light protection when operating a computer or your cell phone.

AMD occurs in different stages, and there are two types of AMD: dry and wet. The dry type is much more common, but the wet type is more severe and also develops more quickly.

If you have the wet form of AMD, medications or laser therapy may help slow your vision loss. Otherwise, treatment focuses on monitoring the progression of the disease, along with taking nutritional supplements and incorporating the lifestyle changes listed above.

A comprehensive dilated eye exam remains a critical part of detecting age-related macular degeneration (AMD). During this exam, your eye doctor carefully evaluates the retina and macula for early signs of disease such as drusen, pigment changes, or other structural abnormalities.

Today, advanced imaging technology allows us to detect AMD much earlier—often before noticeable vision changes occur.

Topcon Maestro OCT

At Premier Eyecare, we utilize the Topcon Maestro OCT to enhance early detection and monitoring:

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technology that provides high-resolution, cross-sectional views of the retina—similar to an “optical biopsy.”

With the Topcon Maestro OCT, we can:

• Detect early drusen formation beneath the retina
• Identify subtle retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes
• Visualize retinal layer integrity with micron-level precision
• Detect fluid or early neovascular changes associated with wet AMD
• Track progression over time with repeatable, quantitative imaging

This level of detail allows us to diagnose AMD at its earliest stages—often before it can be seen during a standard exam or before symptoms develop.

The scan is:

• Fast (typically under a minute)
• Completely non-invasive
• Comfortable with no downtime

Early detection is critical in AMD, as it allows for timely intervention, lifestyle modifications, and close monitoring to help preserve vision long-term.